AIM OF LESSON :
To help students understand:
l The structure of the Earth – especially the lithosphere and its plates.
l The causes and effects of plate movements, including earthquakes and volcanoes.
l The difference between Endogenic (internal) and Exogenic (external) forces.
l How natural forces like rivers, sea waves, glaciers, and wind shape the landforms on Earth.
l The processes of weathering, erosion, transportation, and deposition.
l How different landforms such as deltas, meanders, sand dunes, and moraines are formed.
CONCEPT :
l The Earth's surface is shaped by internal forces (like earthquakes and volcanoes) and external forces (like wind, water, and ice). These forces create and modify landforms over time.
OPENING QUESTION :
l What do you think causes the ground to shake during an earthquake?
l Why do you think some places have volcanoes while others don't?
l Have you ever noticed how the land around you changes over time? What might cause these changes?
l How do you think rivers shape the land they flow through?
l What do you think happens when the wind or water wears down rocks over time?
METHODOLOGY :
Demonstration: Use videos or simulations to show how earthquakes and volcanoes happen, and how rivers carve out landforms like deltas and meanders.
REAL LIFE EXAMPLES :
· Earthquakes
1. Japan: Frequent earthquakes due to the Ring of Fire.
2. California: San Andreas Fault causes regular earthquakes.
· Volcanoes
3. Mount Vesuvius, Italy: Eruption buried Pompeii.
4. Mount St. Helens, USA: 1980 eruption caused massive destruction.
· Rivers
5. Nile River, Egypt: Forms fertile land through regular flooding.
6. Ganges River, India: Created the Gangetic Plain over time.
TEACHING AIDS :
l PPT, Short Videos and Text book images
ACTIVITIES :
· Model Making (Group Activity)
Objective: To demonstrate how rivers, volcanoes, and earthquakes shape the land.
Materials: Clay, sand, water, plastic bottles.
Instructions:
Group students to create models of a river’s meander, a volcanic eruption, or an earthquake’s effect on the landscape.
Use water to simulate river flow, sand for erosion, and plastic bottles to simulate volcanic eruptions.
LEARNING OUTCOMES :
Explain the difference between endogenic (internal) and exogenic (external) forces.
Describe how earthquakes, volcanoes, rivers, sea waves, wind, and glaciers shape landforms.
Explain weathering, erosion, and deposition and their role in shaping landscapes.
Identify examples of natural forces like earthquakes in Japan, volcanoes in Italy, and rivers like the Nile.
Demonstrate preparedness for natural disasters and how to minimize their impact.
ASSESSMENT :
Worksheet / Quiz
REMEDIAL MEASURE :
Extra Practice:
Provide worksheets or online resources for extra practice on identifying and explaining different landforms and forces.
HOME WORK :
One Sentence Description:
Write a sentence about how rivers form deltas.
Write a sentence about how glaciers create lakes.
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